Intergenerational equity is the principle asserting that the current generation holds a responsibility to ensure the ability of future generations to meet their own needs and pursue their well-being. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the ethical, economic, and environmental dimensions of resource distribution, opportunity access, and burden sharing across different temporal periods. Its significance lies in providing a critical framework for evaluating present actions and policies based on their long-term impacts on future populations, thereby guiding sustainable development and promoting responsible stewardship of shared global resources and risks.